Introduction 

In remote sensing, usually, we utilize satellite imagery data and these data can be downloaded outright from the various websites. Remote sensing is defined and mainly specialized in detecting and monitoring as well as analyzing the physical characteristics of a region and that is measured and evaluated using the reflected and emitted radiation. Therefore, this technology is constituted of a technique that incorporates distant investigation and in case it is required to have ground verifications, the researchers could go on a visit to approve certain facts that are available. Other than that, in the site analysis, users could utilize spatial data such as vectors and raster data that also allow analyzing certain features which belong to a specific boundary. In remote sensing, there are different types such as active remote sensing and passive remote sensing. In active remote sensing, the satellite throws its energy and measures the illumination patterns accordingly. The observation and surveillance of the parameters of a surface area using reflection and generated electromagnetic waves are known as remote sensing. We employ a variety of sophisticated cameras to identify specific items and combinations on the ground surface for remote sensing applications. Remote sensing is divided into several categories, including active and passive remote sensing, hyperspectral remote sensing, multispectral remote sensing, and so on. These satellites utilize a variety of satellite sensors for data acquisition, and the field of remotely sensed is also fairly broad, with a wide range of applications in real-world scenarios that may be explained using diverse methodologies. The following are some of the most common remote sensing applications. As the predominant benefits of remote sensing certain factors can be identified such as the collection and analysis of satellite data is rather rapid but may be accomplished with ease by utilizing computer-assisted techniques. These stages that are necessary to be completed quickly in rescue operations like disaster modeling may be carried out utilizing remote sensing technology, and it is very thorough to build a bigger range of maps and arrange the things correctly. Evaluating pictures necessitates a unique sort of training, which varies depending on the extent of pressure that must be applied; nevertheless, after the mechanism has been strained, the method to be performed will indeed be simpler to understand and implement.

Elements of remote sensing?

In remote sensing, there are three platforms such as ground-level platform, aerial, and space-borne platforms. The elements which are utilized in the realm of remote sensing are considered, predominantly there are quite a few to be noted such as what is the energy source or the source of illumination, then how the radiation is happening, the sort of interaction with the object, how the sensors record the energy, and then how the transmission, reception, and processing is taking place, and the users could obtain the information and interpretation and analysis can be done accordingly, and finally, it can be moved to applications of the information that had been derived. There is a number of remote sensing techniques that are utilized such as visual remote sensing, optical, infrared, microwave, satellite, radar, airborne, and acoustic remote sensing are some of them. Additionally, when the processes are considered in remote sensing, there is a number of steps such as data acquisition, processing of the data that is being obtained, quantitative and qualitative analysis, accuracy assessment, and finally the distribution of the data that had been investigated and analyzed properly. The applications of remote sensing can be diverse and it is quite comprehensive as the number of fields that require the information from remote sensors is also quite high.

Applications of remote sensing –

There are lots of applications that can be discussed under the topic of applications of remote sensing in real-ground scenarios. In the overall assessment, the weather predictions, forestry area identification and analysis, agricultural sector analysis, various surface alterations, time-lapse analysis, biodiversity observations, and many more applications could be derived using the various facilities that are available in remote sensing. Some instances could be mentioned as, the forest fire, for example, may be plotted out in the preconditions study, as the sensitive shifts that are happening on the ground. We may get satellite photos from many sources, such as the USGS, and then import them into numerous GIS systems such as Arc Map, QGIS, Arc GIS Pro, Grass GIS, Erdaz Imagine…etc. and they’re used to do a variety of samples and provide specific consequences. Remote sensing is also used to detect cloud cover and anticipate meteorological trends in a given location. Volcanoes exploding, sandstorms and changes in the air may all be accurately examined utilizing remote sensing technologies. Urban planning, particularly how populations evolve and urban expansion occurs, may be challenging. Furthermore, the data collected by remote sensing may be used in a variety of ways. For illustration, if a specific site is analyzed using remotely sensed for development reasons, the data may then be used to create or construct a major road in the region. Some other significant benefit of adopting remote sensing for various analyses is that it causes less disruption to the ecosystem and the individuals involved. In remote sensing, the reflected light that is spontaneous or the electromagnetic pulses that would create the right bounces from the earth are frequently measured. That illumination or any other processes followed, would not interfere with the atmosphere’s essential nature as a whole.

What are the primary applications of remote sensing?

• Analyzing the conditions of the road can be conducted using the GIS and remote sensing techniques to the inch by inch accuracy and this process could save a lot of time and money as well.
• Remote sensing could be utilized for preparing base maps for visual references in the various applications and the pictures are taken from the angles in the air, these images would be much more comprehensive and there is a higher possibility of investigating them quite vividly.
• For controlling the forest fires, most of the time, remote sensing is highly utilized and the efficiency, as well as the productivity of the usage of the application, is quite high and it can save a considerable amount of time.
• For the detection of land uses and land covers, remote sensing technologies can be vastly utilized.
• Additionally, for the estimation of forest supplies, the RS techniques can be utilized and for these applications, MODIS, SPOT, and AVHRR satellites can be utilized.
• For locating the wealth in certain countries as well as construction and building pattern alterations, remote sensing can be utilized.
• By utilizing the satellites and sensors such as MODIS, MOPITT, AMSRE, CERES, and many more, can be utilized for observing the climatic alterations in the atmosphere. Again, the data that is being acquired, can be utilized to compare the data in the past historical climatic conditions as well.
• Most of the time, disaster management and predicting the potential landslide areas, and providing the warning and potential lands that could be vulnerable can be analyzed and identified using the RS technologies.
• For the evacuation process identification, finalizing the evacuation route analysis and the proper land use classification and analysis can be comprehensively done with the most updated data with the aid of RS techniques.
• In the agricultural field, identifying the crop conditions, determining the soil conditions, moisture content of the soil, crop production, and the quality of the crops as well as the crop production prediction, determining the damages that could be pop up in the agricultural lands, identification of the crops, conditions of the analysis of the crop…etc. can be conducted using the RS techniques.
• Apart from that, in the environmental sector analysis, identification of various anthropogenic activities, and how the people would intervene the natural composition of the natural forest areas can be easily mapped and identified utilizing the RS.
• In disaster management, flood conditions modeling, flood forecasting, drought monitoring, air pollution, threats identification…etc. can be conducted utilizing the RS techniques.
• As another application, for updating the existing data geological maps, as well as preparation of tectonic maps, and specifically for identifying the proper sites for quarrying and mining can be further analyzed by utilizing the techniques of remote sensing. 
• Additionally, the crop health analysis, as well as the quality of the water investigation analysis, can be conducted utilizing the RS technique.

Therefore, as a whole, in land use modeling, land use planning, weather forecasting, various environmental studies, identification and analysis of the natural hazards, exploration of resources, and many other requirements, researchers utilize the different techniques that are available in the remote sensing. Many benefits can be analyzed utilizing remote sensing techniques and the ability to analyze a larger land surface area at once could be nominated as a fundamental advantage. Also, the analysis and the various experiments to the acquisition of data that is done in the atmosphere is not involving with any sort of interference to the objects or do not engage in changing any feature of the objects and because of that, these techniques are quite handy in properly identifying and analyzing certain aspects on the ground with a lesser time frame and less time. In conclusion, this section has discussed the applications of remote sensing and certain advantages that can be taken out from utilizing remote sensing in real-ground applications.